The concentration of sex hormones in alcohol dependent inpatients women

Changes in drug metabolism throughout the day have been extensively examined. Antipyrine is a widely used as model drug for cytochrome P450 (CYP450) dependent metabolism. The study performed on man and laboratory animals indicated, that content of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diet can modify the activity of enzymes CYP450 complex. The aim of this study was to determine the diurnal changes of antipyrine pharmacokinetics in calves receiving " high-carbohydrate " food. The experiment was carried out on 20 calves of Black-and-White (BW) breed (10 animals in control — " C " , and 10 animals in experimental — " E " group), aged 14 days. The calves from the control group during the experiment were fed the food ration containing: 250 g of protein, 400 g of carbohydrates and 250 g of lipids. The calves from the experimental group received the " high-carbohydrate " food: 250 g of protein, 500 g of carbohydrates and 250 g of lipids. The antipyrine test in experimental group was carried out before " 0 " and 7 days after the giving the food ration with carbohydrate supplement. Antipyrine concentration in plasma was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The pharmacokinetics of model drug was calculated according to one-compartment open model. Day-night changes in antipyrine pharmacokinetics were calculated basing the plasma concentration (C) versus time (t) curves (TopFit 2.0 software) in two time-intervals (8.00–18.00 — day; 19.00–7.00 — night). Statistical analysis (day vs. night; control vs. experimental group) was performed by paired Student's t-test. The increase of carbohydrate content in food ration no influenced significantly (P>0.05) on initial concentration (C0); volume of distribution (Vd) and apparent volume of distribution (D) of antipyrine, compared to control group. We observed, however, significantly (p>0.05) on binding of antipyrine with plasma protein (Fb " C " = 2.7%; Fb " E " = 3.3%). In calves from the control group the half-life of antipyrine was shorter (–0.75 h) and metabolic clearance higher (0.05 ml/min/kg) during the day, but observed differences (day-night) were not confirmed as significant statistically (p>0.05). In calves receiving the food with carbohydrates supplement we observed significant (p<0.01) day-night changes in some pharmacokinetics parameter of antipyrine (t0.5 " day " — 10.0 h; t0.5 " night " — 13.0 h ; Clm " day " — 0.95 ml/min/kg; Clm " night " — 0.77 ml/min/kg). Obtained results indicated, that: — calves receiving the " high-carbohydrate " food …